Pro-adherence complementary audiovisual educational intervention model for chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib mesylate.

BACKGROUND: Imatinib mesylate (IM) treatment adherence is a challenge, especially in an economic-social population neglected from developing countries. OBJECTIVE: To create a new complementary audiovisual educational intervention model to improve IM treatment adherence of CML patients. METHODS: Two adherence verification methods were applied before and after intervention: modified Morisky-Green test and molecular responses (BCR-ABL transcripts quantification). Adherence estimates were calculated using univariate and multivariate component analysis (MCA) for the socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of patients. RESULTS: Modified Morisky-Green test results demonstrated a substantial increase of CML patient adherence from 23% (pre-film) to 65% (post-film). Greater improvement was obtained for patients presenting major molecular response (MMR) from 38% (pre-film) to 60% (post-film). Although slight gain for complete molecular response (CMR) from 23% (pre-film) to 26% (post-film) was achieved, it represents a total tumour regression. MCA identified that females <50 years-old, using less than two medications (no disease associated) and CMR condition were the most benefited with intervention. CONCLUSION: Audiovisual educational intervention was an effective complementary pro-adherence model, activating patient memory and improving IM treatment adherence. Although this intervention shows effective, not all patients responded as expected, being necessary a combination of educational and clinical interventions to improve IM adherence.

Disposição a pagar e Método de Valoração Contingente na avaliação econômica de serviços farmacêuticos / Willingness to pay and Contingent Valuation Method in the economic evaluation of pharmacy services

Objetivo: Sintetizar os principais pontos abordados em investigações de Disposição a Pagar (DAP) por serviços farmacêuticos, com foco no Método de Valoração Contingente (MVC). Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão não sistemática com recuperação e análise de manuscritos publicados até novembro de 2020. A busca por estudos ocorreu nas bases MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO. Resultados: Foram discutidos os fundamentos teóricos e processos metodológicos da análise, apresentando o MVC como principal perspectiva de abordagem. Enquanto delineamento do questionário, é sugerida uma estrutura que apresente, sequencialmente, os elementos: "conhecimento do participante sobre a intervenção", "apresentação da intervenção", "cenário hipotético", "pergunta DAP", "estado de saúde percebido" e "informações socioeconômicas". No mais, é enfatizada a importância da execução de etapas de validação, tanto do instrumento quanto da avaliação. Conclusão: Avaliar a preferência declarada da população por serviços farmacêuticos é uma estratégia ainda limitada. Se realizado adequadamente, esse tipo de investigação pode auxiliar gestores e tomadores de decisão no processo de implementação de novas tecnologias de cuidado.

Objective: To synthesize key points addressed in investigations of Willingness to Pay (WTP) for pharmaceutical care services, focusing on the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Methods: We performed a non-systematic review with recovery and analysis of manuscript published until November 2020. Three databases were majorly searched, including MEDLINE, LILACS and SciELO. Results: The theoretical foundations and methodological process were discussed, presenting the CVM as the main perspective. For questionnaire design, is suggested a structure that sequentially presents the elements: "participant knowledge on intervention", "intervention presentation", "hypothetical scenario", "WTP question", "perceived health status", and "socioeconomic information". In addition, we emphasize the importance of executing validation steps for the instrument of measurement as well as the evaluation process. Conclusion: Assessing the population's declared preference for pharmaceutical services is still a limited strategy. If carried out properly, this type of investigation can help managers and decision makers in the process of implementing technologies of care.

Medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados prescritos a pacientes de um Centro de Referência em Atenção à Saúde da Pessoa Idosa / Potentially inappropriate medications prescribed to patients at the Reference Center in Health Care for Old People

Resumo Objetivo Analisar o perfil farmacoterapêutico dos idosos atendidos em um Centro de Referência em Atenção à Saúde da Pessoa Idosa quanto ao uso de medicamentos potencialmente inapropriados (MPI) por meio de três critérios de rastreamento e determinar fatores associados à prescrição de MPI. Método Estudo transversal com dados obtidos por revisão retrospectiva dos prontuários de idosos, atendidos entre 2017 e 2018 por médico geriatra. Para identificar os MPI, utilizaram-se os Critérios de Beers, o Screening Tool of Older Persons' Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) e o Consenso Brasileiro de Medicamentos Potencialmente Inapropriados para Idosos. Características relacionadas ao perfil sociodemográfico (idade e sexo), de hábitos de vida (tabagismo e consumo de álcool), clínico (doenças) e farmacoterapêutico (medicamentos e Índice de Complexidade da Farmacoterapia - ICFT) foram avaliadas. Resultados Foram analisados 406 prontuários e identificados 3.059 medicamentos prescritos, dos quais 32,1% são MPI segundo Critérios STOPP, 14,4% pelo Consenso Brasileiro e 11,7% pelos Critérios de Beers. No total, 81,1% dos idosos apresentaram ao menos um MPI. Regressão de Poisson demonstrou associação entre a prescrição de MPI com polifarmácia, maior número de sinais e sintomas e maior valor de ICFT em ao menos um dos critérios. A força de concordância entre os critérios de MPI foi moderada. Conclusões A maioria dos prontuários analisados possuíam ao menos um MPI prescrito, sendo que os Critérios STOPP identificaram uma maior quantidade de MPI. Estratégias devem ser implementadas para melhorar a farmacoterapia dos idosos com atenção para os que apresentam fatores associados a MPI em seu perfil.

Abstract Objective To analyze the pharmacotherapeutic profile of the old people assisted at a Reference Center in Health Care for Old People regarding the use of potentially inappropriate medications (PIM) using three screening criteria and to determine factors associated with the prescription of PIM. Method Cross-sectional study with data obtained by retrospective review of the medical records of the old people, attended between 2017 and 2018 by a geriatric doctor. To identify the PIM, the Beers Criteria, the Screening Tool of Older Persons' Potentially Inappropriate Prescriptions (STOPP) and the Brazilian Consensus on Potentially Inappropriate Medications for Old People were used. Characteristics related to the sociodemographic profile (age and sex), lifestyle (smoking and alcohol consumption), clinical (diseases) and pharmacotherapeutic (medications and Medication Regimen Complexity Index - MRCI) were evaluated. Results 406 medical records were analyzed and 3,059 prescription medications were identified, of which 32.1% are PIM according to STOPP Criteria, 14.4% by the Brazilian Consensus and 11.7% by the Beers Criteria. In total, 81.1% of the old people had at least one PIM. Poisson regression demonstrated an association between the prescription of PIM with polypharmacy, a greater number of signs and symptoms and a higher MRCI value in at least one of the criteria. The strength of agreement between the PIM criteria was moderate. Conclusions Most of the analyzed medical records had at least one prescribed PIM, and the STOPP Criteria identified a greater amount of PIM. Strategies must be implemented to improve the pharmacotherapy of old people with attention to those who have factors associated with PIM in their profile.

A simulação no ensino de competências para a realização de serviços farmacêuticos de âmbito clínico / Use of simulation in teaching competencies for pharmaceutical clinical services

O cuidado farmacêutico, operacionalizado em serviços farmacêuticos de âmbito clínico, é capaz de aumentar os desfechos desejáveis a partir do uso dos medicamentos. A realização destes depende de competências clínicas adequadas, cujo desenvolvimento ocorre por meio de métodos que permitam ao estudante a associação entre conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes. A simulação é um método que proporciona um cenário adequado para esse fim e, por isso, buscou-se analisar e reunir evidências sobre seu uso no desenvolvimento de competências para a realização desses serviços por meio de uma revisão integrativa. A intersecção entre os descritores "cuidados farmacêuticos" e "competências clínicas" nos bancos de dados PubMed/MedLine e Lilacs, entre os anos de 2013 e 2018, retornou 703 estudos, dos quais 18 foram incluídos por dois pesquisadores independentes. Como resultados, 61,1% dos estudos utilizaram a simulação para desenvolvimento e avaliação da comunicação com paciente e equipe de saúde, 50,0% dos estudos avaliou o componente "habilidade" e a simulação realística ou virtual foi utilizada em 55,5% dos estudos. A simulação demonstra ser um método pertinente ao desenvolvimento de competências clínicas, porém seu uso no Brasil se mostra incipiente e os recursos de infraestrutura e econômicos são os principais obstáculos para seu o uso.(AU)

Pharmaceutical care in pharmaceutical clinical services is able to increase the desired outcomes through the use of medications. The performance of these services depends on appropriate clinical competence, whose development is related to the appropriate choice of a method that allows the student to associate knowledge, skills and attitudes. Simulation is a method that provides an adequate setting for this purpose and, therefore, we sought to analyze and gather evidence on its use for developing competence to perform pharmaceutical clinical services through an integrative review. The intersection between the keywords "pharmaceutical services" and "clinical competence" in the PubMed/ MedLine and Lilacs databases between 2013 and 2018 yielded 703 studies, and 18 of those studies were included by two independent researchers. As results, 61.1% of the studies used simulation to develop and evaluate communication with patient and health team, 50.0% of the studies evaluated the component "skill" and 55.5% of the studies used realistic or virtual simulation. Simulation proves to be a relevant method for the development of clinical competence in pharmaceutical services, but its use in Brazil is incipient and infrastructure and economic resources are the main obstacles to its use.(AU)

Impact of a drug dispensing model at a Community Pharmacy in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil

Although dispensing of medication has been addressed by theoretical models, studies that confirm the impact of this service are still needed. The objective was to evaluate the impact of a new model of medicine dispensing system on patients' medication knowledge, adherence to treatment and satisfaction. One hundred and four patients attending the dispensing service of a community pharmacy between 21 January 2013 and 20 April 2013 were included in this intervention study. The impact of the service on patients' medication knowledge, adherence to treatment and satisfaction was assessed by using validated questionnaires at two time points: at the moment of medication dispensing and 30 days thereafter by telephone contact. Statistical analysis was performed by McNemar's test, and a p<0.05 was set as statistically significant. The number of patients showing insufficient knowledge about medications decreased by 50% (p < 0.05), and the number of those showing sufficient knowledge was three times greater (p < 0.05) after medicine dispensing. A high level of satisfaction was observed. Improvement of medication adherence, however, was not observed. The proposed system model for drug dispensing improved patients' knowledge about medication and satisfaction

Pharmacotherapy of adolescents in the use of psychoactive substances

The use of Psychoactive Substances brings problems in several areas of the subject's life such as: health, psychological and social. It´s necessary evaluate the factors involved in drug use and potential drug interactions (PDI) in adolescents using psychoactive substances. It was a Cross-sectional, analytical and quantitative study. The research was carried out at the Center for Psychosocial Care and other drugs for children and adolescents 24h, with adolescents under 18 years of age, using medication. The data were obtained by reviewing the charts and the potential interactions were evaluated through the database Micromedex® and Medscape®. Of the 159 records used, there were 815 PDI. By gravity were 59.4% moderate, 23.8% secondary, 15.7% severe and 1.1% contraindicated. The drugs that presented the most PDI were Chlorpromazine (32.3%) and Diazepam (19.6%). The factors involved in polypharmacy were total PDI and those involved in the occurrence of total PDI were studying and the quantity diagnostic hypotheses. Due to the high PDI index, the relationship with polypharmacy and a high number of diagnostic hypotheses, it is necessary to increase the attention of health professionals regarding the topic and the development of protocols to support decision making.(AU)

Beneficial effects of a pharmaceutical care program on outpatients with inflammatory bowel disease

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of aPharmaceutical Care (PC) program among outpatientswith Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in an outpatientdepartment of a tertiary care teaching hospital in RibeiraoPreto, Brazil. Patients with IBD were randomizedinto two groups, one to receive PC procedures (PCG;N=18) and a control group (CG; N=17). Both groupswere followed for one year and compared at six (T6),and 12 (T12), months of study. Patients were assessedfor treatment compliance, knowledge about treatment,clinical colitis activity index, and quality of life (SF-36). In PCG patients, the number of adherent patientssignificantly increased from 28% to 72% (p<0.05), andin the percent score for patient knowledge increasedfrom 80% to 100% (p≤0.0001) from T0 to T12. Therewas a significant decrease in clinical activity indexesfrom T6 to T12 in PCG patients (median; range: 2.20;0.99­3.77 versus 1.90; 0.99­3.77; p=0.02), but not inthe CG group (1.69; 0.99­3.77 versus 1.69; 0.99­3.48).Quality of life questionnaire rvealed increased scoresfor mental health domain at T12 in both PCG (57.5versus 65.3; p=0.04) and CG (56.9 versus 67.0; p=0.01)groups. The PC program was associated with increasedcompliance, better mental health-related quality of life,and enhanced knowledge about treatment.(AU)

Medication adherence in patients in treatment for rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus in a university hospital in Brazil.

Medication adherence is essential for the control of symptoms and progression of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The aim of the study was to investigate medication adherence in outpatients in treatment for RA and SLE in a university hospital in Brazil. This was a quantitative, cross-sectional analytical study. A total of 92 patients (55 RA patients and 37 SLE patients) were included in the study. A structured questionnaire for patients' interview and a form for collecting data from medical records were used for data collection. Adherence to drug treatment was assessed by the Morisky scale questionnaire. Data storage and analysis were performed using Epi Info 3.5.4 and statistical analysis by Stata/SE 12.0. The Pearson's chi-squared test and Fisher's exact test were applied for statistical and bivariate analyses. For multivariate data analysis the Poisson regression and the Wald test were used. The prevalence of adherence to drug treatment was 16.4% in RA patients and 45.9% in SLE patients. The final model of the multivariate analysis demonstrated associations between medication adherence and the following covariates for both RA and SLE groups: duration of therapy for rheumatic disease at the institution greater than 15 years and presence of more than six chronic comorbidities. The parameter "acquisition of medication at the high-cost pharmacy" was differently associated with medication adherence by group, and for the SLE group, living outside the city of Goiânia was a protective factor associated with adherence. This study demonstrated a low prevalence of medication adherence in patients in treatment for RA and SLE treated at this institution. These findings will serve as a base for future studies to elucidate what factors may positively or negatively affect medication adherence in this population. In addition, multidisciplinary approaches are needed to enhance adherence to drug treatment in patients in treatment for rheumatic disease.

Medication dispensing as an opportunity for patient counseling and approach to drug-related problems

ABSTRACT The objective was to describe and evaluate a model of drug dispensing developed and implemented in a community pharmacy in Brazil. This was a descriptive, observational, quasi-experimental study performed in the period between 21 January 2013 and 20 April 2013. The model was evaluated and described in terms of three parameters: structure, process and outcome. The description and assessment of each parameter was performed as follows: (I) Structure: profile of patients, pharmacist's professional profile, physical facility, informational material; (II) Process: drug-related problems, pharmaceutical interventions performed, results of pharmaceutical interventions; (III) Outcome: patient knowledge of medications. Dispensing service improved patient knowledge of medications (p < 0.05), which was associated with pharmacotherapy complexity (p < 0.05). The main problems identified were related to lack of patient knowledge regarding their medication (52.9%). Pharmaceutical interventions were mostly performed directly to the patients (86.3%) by verbal (95.4%) and written (68.2%) information, and most of the problems were completely solved (62.7%). The medicine dispensing model was able to identify and solve drug-related problems and promote an improvement in patient knowledge about medication.

RESUMO O objetivo foi descrever e avaliar um modelo de serviço de dispensação de medicamentos desenvolvido e implantado em uma Farmácia Comunitária no Brasil. Trata-se de restudo descritivo, observacional e quase-experimental, realizado no período de 21 de janeiro a 20 de abril de 2013. A descrição e avaliação do modelo foi realizada segundo os parâmetros: estrutura, processo e resultado.Os aspectos descritos e avaliados foram: 1. Estrutura: perfil dos pacientes, perfil profissiográfico dos farmacêuticos, estrutura física, material de informação; 2. Processo: problemas relacionados ao medicamento detectados, intervenções farmacêuticas realizadas, resultados das intervenções farmacêuticas; 3. Resultado: conhecimento do pacientes sobre os medicamentos utilizados. A dispensação proporcionou melhora do conhecimento do paciente sobre os medicamentos (p < 0,05), que demonstrou-se associada à complexidade da farmacoterapia (p < 0,05). Foram identificados majoritariamente problemas relacionados à falta de condições do paciente em utilizar o medicamento (52,94%). As intervenções farmacêuticas foram realizadas predominantemente junto ao paciente (86,27%) através do fornecimento de informações verbais (95,4%) e escritas (68,2%) e, em sua maioria, o problema que originou a intervenção foi totalmente resolvido (62,75%).O serviço foi capaz de identificar e resolver os problemas relacionados ao medicamento e contribuiu para a melhoria do conhecimento dos pacientes relativo aos medicamentos utilizados.

Análise de prescrições médicas para tratamento de câncer de mama em um hospital universitário do estado de São Paulo / Analysis of prescriptions for the treatment of breast cancer at the university hospital in the state of São Paulo

Este artigo centra-se na análise de prescrições médicas para o tratamento de câncer de mama em pacientes em seguimento em um hospital universitário do estado de São Paulo, Foram analisadas 408 prescrições médicas entre setembro e dezembro de 2012, sendo 201 na Central de Quimioterapia e 207 na Farmácia de Quimioterapia Ambulatorial deste hospital de ensino, Os principais resultados foram: (a) das 201 prescrições analisadas na Central de Quimioterapia, apenas 123 (61,2%) apresentaram o peso, 89 (44,3%) a altura e 113 (56,2%) a superfície corpórea do paciente, (b) 100% das prescrições na Central e 48,3% na Farmácia de Quimioterapia apresentaram abreviaturas, (c) o nome comercial dos medicamentos esteve presente em 54,7% das prescrições na Central de Quimioterapia, (d) altos índices de ausência de informação quanto à forma farmacêutica do medicamento, (e) 05 (1,2%) prescrições com nome ilegível do paciente e 04 (1%) prescrições com nome ilegível do medicamento, A análise dos dados mostra a ausência da informação completa necessária para o uso seguro dos medicamentos antineoplásicos, evidenciando o não cumprimento da legislação vigente, Assim, destaca-se a necessidade de constante treinamento dos prescritores relacionado à importância de uma prescrição médica correta, contendo todas as informações de forma clara, como também maior participação do farmacêutico clínico e sugere-se, ainda, a implantação da prescrição médica eletrônica, Essas ações podem melhorar a qualidade das prescrições e promover o uso seguro e racional de medicamentos...

This article focuses on the analysis of prescriptions for the treatment of breast cancer in patients followed up in a university hospital in the state of São Paulo. The study analyzed 408 prescriptions between September and December 2012, with 201 in Chemotherapy Center and 207 in Chemotherapy Pharmacy in this teaching hospital. The main results were: (a) from 201 prescriptions analyzed in Chemotherapy Center, only 123 (61.2%) had weight, 89 (44.3%) height and 113 (56.2%) of the body surface patient; (b) 100% of prescriptions in Chemotherapy Center and 48.3% in the Chemotherapy Pharmacy showed abbreviations; (c) the trade name of the drug was present in 54.7% of prescriptions in Chemotherapy Center; (d) high rates of absence of information about the pharmaceutical form of the drug; (e) 05 (1.2%) prescriptions with illegible name of the patient and 04 (1%) prescriptions with illegible name of the drug. Data analysis shows the absence of complete information necessary for the safe use of anticancer drugs, if not evidencing compliance with current legislation. Thus, we highlight the importance of continuous training of physicians about the importance of a clear and complete prescription, as well as greater participation of clinical pharmacists and suggest also the implementation of the electronic prescription. These actions can improve the quality of prescriptions and promote the safe and rational use of medicines...

Factors associated with potentially inappropriate medications use by the elderly according to Beers criteria 2003 and 2012.

BACKGROUND: Potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) should be avoided by the elderly because they possess a significant high risk for this population when a safer alternative is available. Therefore, the identification of prevalence and factors associated with PIMs should be considered as they provide valuable information that can be used to develop strategies to ensure patients' safety. OBJECTIVE: To identify the prevalence and the clinical and socioeconomic-demographic factors that may be associated with PIMs use in the elderly, according to Beers criteria 2003 and its updated version 2012. And, as a secondary objective, a comparison between both criteria was performed. SETTING: Pharmacy of the Basic Health District Unit of the western district of Ribeirão Preto. METHODS: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted with the elderly, assisted by the Brazilian public health system. Data from patients were collected through a structured interview form. Beers criteria 2003 and 2012 were used to classify PIMs. The association between PIMs used and independent variables were analyzed by odds ratios. The differences between PIMs use according to Beers criteria 2003 and 2012 were analyzed by McNemar's test and the agreement by kappa coefficient. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Prevalence and factors associated with PIMs use in Brazilian elderly outpatients. RESULTS: One thousand elderly patients were interviewed. High prevalence of PIMs use was observed, 48.0 and 59.2 % according to Beers criteria 2003 and 2012, respectively. The factors associated with PIMs use, common for both criteria, are female gender, self-medication, use of over the counter drugs, complaints related to adverse drug event, psychotropic medication, polypharmacy and some categories of drugs. PIMs use is different between Beers criteria 2003 and 2012 (McNemar's test, p < 0.01), although a substantial agreement between these classifications was observed (kappa coefficient 0.635, 95% confidence intervals (0.588, 0.681). CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed a high prevalence of PIMs use, which is associated with various clinical and social-demographic factors. When comparing both criteria through McNemar's test, PIMs use was considered different. The differences may have occurred because medications with high prevalence of use in Brazil were included in Beers criteria 2012 .

[Patients on chemotherapy: depression and adherence to treatment]. / Pacientes em uso de quimioterápicos: depressão e adesão ao tratamento.

This analytical, cross-sectional study applied a quantitative approach to verify the presence of depression and the adherence to a chemotherapy treatment in patients with cancer at the central chemotherapy pharmacy of a university hospital. The sample consisted of 102 patients, and data were collected from October 2010 to May 2011. A structured interview was used to obtain sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic data; the Morisky Test and Beck Depression Inventory were also applied. The results revealed that 10.8% and 1.9% of participants had moderate and severe depression, respectively. The presence of depression was significantly associated with variables such as income per capita, the number of surgeries, and disease duration. A lack of treatment adherence was identified in 48% of participants. These results indicate the need for health staff training to detect depressive disorders and chemotherapy treatment attrition among patients with cancer.

Pacientes em uso de quimioterápicos: depressão e adesão ao tratamento / Patients on chemotherapy: depression and adherence to treatment / Pacientes en uso de quimioterápicos: depresión y adhesión al tratamiento

Este trabalho trata-se de estudo analítico, transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, que verificou a presença de depressão e a adesão ao tratamento com quimioterápicos em pacientes oncológicos atendidos na Farmácia Central de Quimioterapia de um hospital universitário. A amostra constou de 102 pacientes e a coleta dos dados foi realizada no período de outubro de 2010 a maio de 2011. Utilizou-se a entrevista estruturada, norteada por roteiro contendo dados sociodemográficos, clínicos e terapêuticos; o Teste de Morisky e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck. Os resultados revelaram que 10,8% e 1,9% dos participantes apresentaram depressão moderada e grave, respectivamente. Houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre a presença de depressão e as variáveis renda per capita, número de cirurgias e tempo de doença. Identificou-se falta de adesão ao tratamento em 48% dos participantes. Tais resultados indicam a necessidade de treinamento da equipe de saúde para detectar transtornos depressivos e falta de adesão ao tratamento com quimioterápicos entre pacientes oncológicos.

This analytical, cross-sectional study applied a quantitative approach to verify the presence of depression and the adherence to a chemotherapy treatment in patients with cancer at the central chemotherapy pharmacy of a university hospital. The sample consisted of 102 patients, and data were collected from October 2010 to May 2011. A structured interview was used to obtain sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic data; the Morisky Test and Beck Depression Inventory were also applied. The results revealed that 10.8% and 1.9% of participants had moderate and severe depression, respectively. The presence of depression was significantly associated with variables such as income per capita, the number of surgeries, and disease duration. A lack of treatment adherence was identified in 48% of participants. These results indicate the need for health staff training to detect depressive disorders and chemotherapy treatment attrition among patients with cancer.

Estudio analítico, transversal, cuantitativo, verificando la presencia de depresión y adhesión al tratamiento con quimioterápicos en pacientes oncológicos atendidos en la Farmacia Central de Quimioterapia de un hospital universitario. Muestra constituida por 102 pacientes, datos recolectados de octubre 2010 a mayo 2011. Se utilizó entrevista semiestructurada, orientada por rutina conteniendo datos sociodemográficos, clínicos y terapéuticos; el Test de Morisky y el Inventario de Depresión de Beck. Los resultados expresaron que 10,8% y 1,9% de los participantes presentaron depresión moderada y grave, respectivamente. Existió asociación estadísticamente significativa entre presencia de depresión y las variables renta per cápita, número de cirugías y tiempo de la enfermedad. Se identificó falta de adhesión al tratamiento en 48% de los participantes. Tales resultados indican la necesidad de capacitación del equipo de salud para detectar transtornos depresivos y falta de adhesión al tratamiento con quimioterápicos en pacientes oncológicos.

Vitamin serum level variations between cycles of intermittent parenteral nutrition in adult patients with short bowel syndrome.

BACKGROUND: An alternative form of nutrition therapy for patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS) who do not have home parenteral nutrition (PN) available is the administration of the PN cycle during regular hospital admissions and oral vitamin supplement at home. The aim of this study was to evaluate serum levels of folic acid and vitamins A, B(12), C, and E before and after the PN cycle in patients with SBS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was conducted with 10 patients with SBS (less than 15 minutes of total barium transit time) who were receiving the PN cycle and oral vitamin supplement at home. Patients were evaluated regarding total food ingestion and oral vitamin supplement intake. Serum levels of vitamins were evaluated immediately after the end of each PN cycle (phase 1) and before the beginning of the next PN cycle (phase 2). RESULTS: Patients' nutrient ingestion was in accordance with recommendations for healthy individuals. Regarding the oral vitamin supplement intake, 20% of the patients presented low adherence. Although all patients had a normal serum level of folic acid and vitamin B(12), PN vitamin infusion during hospitalization and home oral vitamin supplement were not enough to make the serum levels of vitamins A, C, and E achieve normal values. CONCLUSION: This study documented that patients did not receive an adequate administration of oral vitamin supplements of vitamins A, C, and E through PN. More studies need to be conducted investigating higher doses of vitamin administration (oral or intravenous administration), assessing differences between water and liposoluble supplements.

Pharmaceutical Care for hypertensive patients provided within the Family Health Strategy in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil

The aim of Pharmaceutical Care programs is to improve patients' quality of life, and such programs are particularly effective in the case of chronic diseases such as hypertension. The objective of this longitudinal study was to analyze a Pharmaceutical Care model for hypertensive patients receiving care within the Family Health Strategy (FHS). All patients were being seen by an FHS team affiliated to a primary healthcare unit in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil. Fourteen patients participated in the study, with each patient receiving six home visits during the Pharmaceutical Care. Overall, 142 drug-related problems were reported, the most common concerning the ineffectiveness of treatment (33.8%). A total of 135 pharmaceutical interventions were performed, 92.6% of which involved pharmacist-patient communication, with 48.8% of these interventions being implemented. Cardiovascular risk decreased in three patients and remained unchanged in nine. In hypertensive patients with diabetes, fasting glucose levels were reduced in six out of nine cases. The Pharmaceutical Care model proposed here was effective in detecting drug-related problems and in proposing interventions to resolve or prevent these problems. Consequently, this may have contributed towards improving clinical parameters, such as fasting glucose levels and cardiovascular risk in hypertensive patients receiving care within the FHS.

A Atenção Farmacêutica tem como objetivo conseguir resultados concretos que melhorem a qualidade de vida do paciente, contribuindo especialmente em doenças crônicas, como a Hipertensão Arterial. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar um modelo de Atenção Farmacêutica a pacientes com Hipertensão Arterial assistidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF). Trata-se de um estudo longitudinal realizado com pacientes assistidos pela ESF de uma Unidade Básica de Saúde de Goiânia-GO. Participaram do estudo, 14 pacientes que receberam seis visitas domiciliares para Atenção Farmacêutica. Registraram-se 142 Problemas Relacionados a Medicamentos (PRM) sendo mais frequente a falta de efetividade do tratamento (33,8%). Realizaram-se 135 intervenções farmacêuticas, das quais 92,6% foram com a comunicação farmacêutico-paciente, em que 48,8% das intervenções foram implementadas. Observou-se redução do risco cardiovascular em três pacientes e nove pacientes não apresentaram alteração no nível de risco cardiovascular. Entre os pacientes hipertensos e diabéticos observou-se redução da glicemia de jejum em seis. O modelo de Atenção Farmacêutica proposto foi capaz de detectar PRM propondo intervenções para resolvê-los e preveni-los e, consequentemente, pode ter contribuído na melhora de parâmetros clínicos como glicemia de jejum e risco cardiovascular em pacientes hipertensos assistidos pela ESF.

Adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso de pacientes com doenças inflamatórias intestinais acompanhados no ambulatório de um hospital universitário / Compliance to drug therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases outpatients from an university hospital

RACIONAL: A adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso nas doenças inflamatórias intestinais apresenta grande importância clínica e social. Porém, são escassos os estudos sobre este tema em nosso meio. OBJETIVO: Investigou-se a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso prescrito, bem como a influência de alguns fatores sobre a adesão, de pacientes com doenças inflamatórias intestinais em acompanhamento em ambulatório de Gastroenterologia de um hospital universitário ligado ao Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). MÉTODO: Realizou-se estudo transversal, com métodos indiretos, para avaliar a adesão ao tratamento de 26 casos da doença de Crohn, 26 pacientes com retocolite ulcerativa e 4 com colite indeterminada, que faziam uso contínuo de medicamentos, dos quais 89,3 por cento eram fornecidos pelo SUS. Os pacientes foram classificados como tendo alto ou baixo grau de adesão, com base em dois diferentes instrumentos. RESULTADOS: A análise dos medicamentos utilizados revelou baixa adesão em 15,4 por cento de pacientes com doença de Crohn e 13,3 por cento com retocolite ulcerativa. Porém, o teste de Morisky, que avalia hábitos de uso dos medicamentos, mostrou 50 por cento de baixa adesão na doença de Crohn e 63,3 por cento na retocolite ulcerativa. Análise univariada evidenciou na doença de Crohn relação entre baixa adesão e maior duração da doença, estado marital instável, residência próxima ao hospital e envolvimento do cólon. Na retocolite ulcerativa observou-se relação entre baixa adesão e atividade da doença e maior número de medicamentos em uso. Porém, a análise multivariada não evidenciou relação estatisticamente significativa que indicasse influência de qualquer fator sobre a adesão ao tratamento. CONCLUSÕES: Proporções elevadas de pacientes com doenças inflamatórias intestinais apresentam hábitos de uso de medicamentos indicativos de baixa adesão, difíceis de prever a partir de dados demográficos e clínicos, o que aponta para a necessidade de maior atenção...

BACKGROUND: Compliance to drug therapy is important for a successful treatment. Although many studies have assessed compliance to treatment in patients with chronic diseases, few investigations have been carried out in inflammatory bowel diseases. AIM: To assess compliance to drug therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases - Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis -, followed at a university hospital, who had prescribed medication supplied by the Brazilian National Health System. METHODS: In a cross sectional study, a structured interview was applied to assess the compliance of 26 Crohn's disease patients, 26 ulcerative colitis patients and 4 cases with undetermined colitis. Patients were characterized as presenting higher or lower degree of compliance, based on the comparison of the information provided by the patient in the interview and data in the medical records. The Morisky test was also used to assess the behavioral pattern of the patient regarding the daily use of the medication. RESULTS: The interview showed that 15.4 percent of patients with Crohn's disease and 13.3 percent of those with ulcerative colitis could be regarded as less compliant. However, the Morisky test revealed lower compliance in 50 percent of patients with Crohn's disease and 63.3 percent of those with ulcerative colitis. Univariate analysis showed an association between low compliance and long disease duration, married status and colon involvement in Crohn's disease, and between low compliance and increased disease activity and greater number of medications in ulcerative colitis. However, multivariate analysis did not confirm any association between low compliance and any demographic or clinical factor. CONCLUSIONS: A high degree of noncompliance to treatment, linked to habitual behavior and hard to predict from demographic or clinical factor, was detected in inflammatory bowel disease patients, which suggests the need for investment in patient education...

[Compliance to drug therapy in inflammatory bowel diseases outpatients from a university hospital]. / Adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso de pacientes com doenças inflamatórias intestinais acompanhados no ambulatório de um hospital universitário.

BACKGROUND: Compliance to drug therapy is important for a successful treatment. Although many studies have assessed compliance to treatment in patients with chronic diseases, few investigations have been carried out in inflammatory bowel diseases. AIM: To assess compliance to drug therapy in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases, Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, followed at a university hospital, who had prescribed medication supplied by the Brazilian National Health System. METHODS: In a cross sectional study, a structured interview was applied to assess the compliance of 26 Crohn's disease patients, 26 ulcerative colitis patients and 4 cases with undetermined colitis. Patients were characterized as presenting higher or lower degree of compliance, based on the comparison of the information provided by the patient in the interview and data in the medical records. The Morisky test was also used to assess the behavioral pattern of the patient regarding the daily use of the medication. RESULTS: The interview showed that 15.4% of patients with Crohn's disease and 13.3% of those with ulcerative colitis could be regarded as less compliant. However, the Morisky test revealed lower compliance in 50% of patients with Crohn's disease and 63.3% of those with ulcerative colitis. Univariate analysis showed an association between low compliance and long disease duration, married status and colon involvement in Crohn's disease, and between low compliance and increased disease activity and greater number of medications in ulcerative colitis. However, multivariate analysis did not confirm any association between low compliance and any demographic or clinical factor. CONCLUSIONS: A high degree of noncompliance to treatment, linked to habitual behavior and hard to predict from demographic or clinical factor, was detected in inflammatory bowel disease patients, which suggests the need for investment in patient education regarding medication use.

Adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso em pacientes com doenças gastrintestinais crônicas acompanhados no ambulatório de um hospital universitario / Compliance to drug therapy in university hospital outpatients with chronic digestive diseases

A adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso nas doenças crônicas é um fator de importância clínica e social. Porém, são escassos os estudos deste tema em doenças gastrintestinais crônicas. Assim, investigou-se a adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso prescrito e os possíveis fatores que a influenciam em pacientes em acompanhamento no ambulatório de Gastroenterologia de um hospital universitário ligado ao Sistema Unico de Saúde (SUS) brasileiro. Um estudo transversal, com métodos indiretos para avaliar a adesão, incluiu 110 pacientes, dos quais 72,6 por cento tinham o medicamento fornecido pelo SUS. Os pacientes foram classificados como tendo alto ou baixo grau de adesão, com base em dois diferentes instrumentos. A entrevista identificou 15 (13,7 por cento) pacientes com baixo grau de adesão ao tratamento. Porém, o teste de Morisky, classificou 64 (58,2 por cento) com baixo grau de adesão, sendo este comportamento do tipo não intencional em 78,1 por cento destes casos. Análises univariada e multivariada mostraram que não houve associação estatisticamente significativa entre o grau de adesão e natureza da doença ou fornecimento dos medicamentos, bem como nenhum dos fatores demográficos, sociais, clínicos ou referentes aos medicamentos. Concluiu-se, então, que, entre os pacientes com doenças digestivas crônicas acompanhados em hospital universitário, é freqüente o baixo grau de adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso prescrito.

Compliance to drug treatment is an important determinant of patient's clinical evolution and health system expenditure. However, studies on compliance in chronic digestive diseases are scarce. In order to investigate compliance to prescribed medication and factors affecting it, a cross-sectional, indirect study was carried out among 110 outpatients of a University Hospital Gastroenterology clinic. These patients were characterized as presenting either higher or lower degree of compliance by two different instruments. The same classification was made after applying the Morisky test, which is based on patient answers to four standardized direct questions. The interview identified 15 (13.7 percent) patients as not following correctly the prescribed treatment. However, up to 64 patients (58.2 percent) were classified as less compliant by the Morisky test, which also indicated a non-intentional behavior in 50 (78.1 percent) out of these patients. There were no relationships between compliance and either disease nature or free access to medication. Also, univariate and multivariate statistical analysis showed that none of the demographic, social, clinical, or drug-related factors presented any statistically significant relationship that could indicate an influence on compliance to treatment. Low compliance to drug treatment is relatively common amongst patients with chronic digestive disease.